Heating apparatus.



J. M. W. KITCHEN.

HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR.17,1907.

943,832. Patented Dec. 21, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 1 .1 T Z J" -F Inventor:

J. M. W. KITCHEN. HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APB.17,1907.

Patented Dec. 21, 1909.

2 SHEETS--SHBET 2.

JOSEPH MOSES \VARD KITCHEN, OF-'EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

HEATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 21, 1909.

. Application filed April 17, 1907; Serial No. 368,636.

To all whom it may co'ncern:

Be it known that I, JosErnMosEs \VARD KITCHEN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city of East Orange, county of Essex, State ofNew Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in HeatingApparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The object of. my invention is to secure a reasonable amount of health,comfort and economy in heating at a moderate cost for installing theheating apparatus. It is particularly designed for those installationsin which a low primary cost is a necessity, as in small two and threefamily houses; in which case each section of the house is heated by ,ase arate heatin a liance.

Inasmuch as heating by steam is usually the most feasible means ofheating, I incorporate in this apparatus, and make the central featureof it, a steam boiler and as the cast iron sections of a steam boilerare expensive, I adopt the circular disk-form as the most economi -al.Having the disks in sections, and in duplicate, provides for theenlargement of the heating area of the boiler to meet varyingrequirements, both as to first cost and as to efficiency in meetingradiating requirements. In connection with this type of boiler I providea circular furnace, conforming in shape to the boiler-disks. Inasmuch asa boiler of this type does not provide for absorption of the low degreesof heat in the heating gases, I provide an inexpensiveeconomizerattachment through which to run the waste heating gases, the

heat from which .is radiated to an air supply, which ,conveys theeconomized heat to places in which it can be utilized for heating andfor respiration.

In connection with the before mentioned features, I use special meansfor regulating the draft of the apparatus, and for. securing anunusually perfect combustion, and an equalized rate of combustion.

;=In the drawings :Figure 1 represents an .ele'vational view of myheating apparatus as it would be ordinarily installed, parts beingbroken away and in section. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the boiler andfurnace of my heating ap aratus, on the line 22 Fig. 3, part-of whic isin elevation. Fig. 3 is a .cross sectional view on the line 33 Fig. 2 ofthe upper omeor disk-section of the boiler, looking from above downward.Fig.

4 is a lan view of the bottom of the lower disk-section of the boiler onthe line M Fig. 2, looking from below upward.

The foundation on which the boiler B rests comprises a circular base Bwhich is composed of several 'cast iron sections joined by boltedflanges B At the front of this base there is a part B", which forms thefront of the base, and which contains the ash pit door 13*. The front Balso forms the front of the ash pit A. This ash pit has walls A whichsustain the ends of the grate bars G. This ash pit can be drawn forwardand outside. of the base B to allow for repairs and replacement of gratebars. There is an annular air space A between the ash pit wall A and thewalls of the base B. This annular space does not extend in front wherethe ash pit door is placed, but it is separated from the ash pit by thewalls A Air for over-tire combustion is introduced in this air spacethrough the draft slide A lated truss G, and side spurs G and with thegrate bar shafts G, extend from the rear of the ash pit to and throughthe part of the ash pit where they are connected with the shaker-link orbar G. G is the grate bar rocking crank. The fire pot C is alsocylindrical, conforming to the shape of the boiler B, and is composed ofseveral sections bolted together as in the base. This fire-pot comprisesthe lire-pot proper, and the lower part of the combustion chamber 0. Thetire pot has a thick heat refractory lining H, which rests on the trayT.- The object of this thick lining is to prevent any. conveyance ofheat laterally from the burning fuel until after combustion has beensubstantially perfected, thus obviating a defect usual in apparatus ofthis kind, where more or less imperfect combustion is common, owing to apremature absorption of heat from the burning fuel. The alr tubes E areembedded in the nonconducting lining close to the metallic incasement ofthe fire pot, and discharge air through the lining in crevices I in thelining at distributed intervals around th' interior surface of thelinmg.

The air tubes E are fastened in the tray T, in the apertures E throughwhich the over the airfor combustion passes from the annular space A tis essential in ordinary ,methods of neglected and infrequent fuelmasswith ashes prevents sntiicient air from absorbing heat prematurely fromthe fuel and heating gases. Such premature absorption of heat reducesthe critical ignition tempassing through the fuel mass. Furthermore, inorder to provide enough fuel tocarry on combustion for ten or twelvehours, a thicker fuel mass must be provided than will allow a sutiicientan supply to pass through the fuel-mass. But, in previouslydesigned'domestic heaters, air i'or combustion introduced over the fuelhas been introduced inaccurately, in too large amounts, and too much inone location, the result being defects in the combustion process due toair dilution and reduction in the average temperature of the gasespassing through the boiler. 1n the arrangement here shown the over-firemeans of air supply distributes the air equablyfin'moderate amounts, andthe metallic tubes are protected from destructive action of the heat ofthe fire, a rovision, the lack of which has prevented in the past asuccessful over fire air introduction.

It will be seen that in this apparatus I do not bring any heat absorbingsurfaces of my boiler in contact with bnlning'fuel or heating gases at alower level. By keeping such heatin surfaces at a level above the point.at which combustion has become sub stantially perfected, I avoid thedefect common in most other heating apparatuses of peratureof the gasesand fuel to a degree wh ch preventsthe entire consumption of ,-gases andsolid fuel, and-which produces many cinders 1n socallo(l dead-spots orcorners.

In this apparatus it will be seen that I aim to first secure asubstantially perfect combustion before transmitting any of the heatgenerated, and that the boiler part of the apparatus is constructed anddisposed in relation to the furnacapart of the invention in harmony withthis aim.

Over the cylinder 0 is placed a'second annular ring or tray T Thisextends exteriorly from the peripheral side surfaces of the boiler inorder to provide a support for the non-conducting covering I of the disksections D, D, D" and D The disk-section D is the prin'i'ary basediskand is superin'iposed over the furnace erases part.- A concavity in thelower part of the section D composes the upper part of the combustionchamber of the apparatus, but which combustion chamber being of unusualvertical extent, I consider should be described as a combustionperfecting chamber. Each of the disks has a dome shaped concavity in itsinterior surface for the par-- pose of catching and holding the hotgases and to secure their quicker transmission to the water of theboiler. These gases being are held against the heat absorbing surfacesabove them, thus securing a measurable increase of pressure 0' the gasesagainst the heat absorbing surfaces of the inferior sur faces of thedisks, and to secure ameasurable increase of time to effect the absorp-'tion of the heat from the gases. Each section has zin annular water legJ, the depth of which separates the disks sutficiently to allow for thetravel of the gases between the disks, and which space is sutiicient toallow access between the sections through the clean-out doors K (seeFig. 1) for the removal of dust and ashes. The interiors of the disksare joined at the centers by push nipple or other connections L, and areheld rigidly in place by the bolted lugs M. Water cocks N, are in eachsection to empty the sections. Feed water is introduced in the lowerdisk through the inlet 0, and steam or water finds emission from theboiler under the levitating influences of gravity,

through the outlets P in the top of the upthin equably'distributedlayers or currents.

As many pairs of disks are introduced in the 'boiler as may be necessaryto secure the adequate absorption of the heat generated. The equabledistribution of-the gases is helped by theradially disposed ridges R,which are I cast integral with the inferiorsurfaces of thedisk-sections. Appositely to the ridges R are the ridges R whichextendupwardly. into the water traveling through the disksi Thisprovision helps to distribute .the gases equably to the several gaspassages as well as increases the heat absorbing powers of theheatingvsurfaces; more heat being transmitted in this method of constructionthan in ordinary forms. In the center of the undersides of the disksthat have the gas" passages at the center of the disks, these ridges areconstructed around the apertures of the 9418, &32

gas passages so as to prevent the hot gases passing through the gasapertures at a level above the lower edges of the ridges. In

other words, I provide for collecting and holding the gases 'in theconcavities of all the disk-sections through the upward pressure ofgravity. There are no ridges on either the under or upper surfaces ofthe tops of the disks, inasmuch as the gases are held upwardly againstthe under sides of the disks by gravity, and because the upper surfacesof the disks need to be smooth to provide for the removal of dust orsoot through the clean-out doors. The disks are provided with a bead Sto prevent the injurious effect of accumulation of iron rust between thesections at their points of contact.

S is a smoke-nozzle through which the gases find admission into thesmoke pipe S.

U is an economizer for absorbing the heat of the waste gases. Itconsists of an upper cast iron box U and a lower cast iron box Uconnected with thin sheet metal heating tubes V.

X is a smoke and waste gas bypass conduit.

Y is a dam er for controlling the chimney check-draft .l'

V is the chimney flue.

Y is the by-pass damper.

Y is the damper for diverting the waste gases downward through theeconomizer from the smoke pipe.

X is a clean-out door.

Z are apertures for the emission of warmed a'ir.

V is a fresh air conduit inlet.

Inasmuch as in a boilerof the type here shown, which has only horizontaland up 40 draft travel of the gases, and in which the water in theboiler is substantially of the same temperature throughout all its partsowing to heat being first absorbed at a low level of the boiler, theheating gases pass through the boiler Without losing heat. of atemperature lower than the temperature of the .water in the boiler.Hence I provide the economizer U to absorb the low degrees of heat whichwould otherwise pass into the chimney flue'lV and be lost. The air entering the conduit inlet V passes upwardly through and around the heatingsurfaces of the economizer, and is heated progressively in its upwardtravel by the downward travel of the heating gases through the tubes ofthe economizer. The warmed air is con veyed into and distributed in thebuilding heated, for the purpose of respiration and as an adjunct meansof heating to the heat directly radiated from the radiators F.

I apply very much the same principles of economizing in this case as Ido in the invention disclosed in application Serial Number 351,540,.withthe exception that I here use the waste heat of the gases of combustionfor heating air, and thus economizing heat,

' instead of econoinizing the heat of water of distributing the heatabsorbed into said boiler, (4) an economizer of waste heat, saidfurnace. boiler and economizer being constructed and arranged to securean up draft for gases through said furnace and boiler and a horizontaldraft from said boiler to said economizer, and for the downward travelof said gases through said economizer, and for the exit of the gasesthrough a waste gas conduit at the bottom of said econo mixer, (5) achimney, ((3) a smoke pipe connecting said boiler, economizer and saidchimney, (7) means for securing the conveyance of the heating gases fromsaid boiler, either directly to said chimney or for di verting saidgases through said economizer, (8) means for absorbing the heat of thegases passing through said economizer by heating air passing throughsaid economizer, and (9) means for distributing the heated air to placeswhere said air may be used for respiratory or adjunct heating purposes,the

'gas passages of said apparatus being arranged in relation to each otherto secure an equilibrious balance of the gases .in said apparatus and topreventthe escape of said gases against the pressure of the atmosphere.

'2. In a heating apparatus the combination of (1) an 'up draft furnace,(2) a boiler, (3) an economizer of the lower degrees of heat generatedin said furnace, (4t)v a. chimney for said apparatus, a, dependentchimney check draft for reducing the chimney draft acting through saidapparatus, and (6) a smoke pipe connecting said boiler, economizer andchimney, said, furnace, economizer and check draft being constructed andarranged in such relation one to the other as to secure an equilibriousbalance of gases of relatively equal temperatures at equal levels in thepassages of said furnace, economizer and check draft, and to prevent theundesired escape of said gases from the pass. es of said .apparatus. v3. f n a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a boiler, (2) an airheating heat economizer for economizing low degrees of heat generated inthe furnace of said apparatus which pass out from the boiler of saidapparatus, said economizer comprising.

means for transferring heat from. wastel bored tween said boiler andsaid chimney, said -economizer being located outside of said boiler, andhaving for itspurpose the heating of air with. the heat remaining in theheating gases that have passed through and out of said boiler, and (5)means for utilizing the heated air for purposes of respiralion andheating. p v

in aheating apparatus, the combination of (1) a boiler, (2) a system fordis tributing the heattransmitted by said boiler, (3) a chimney, (4) asmoke pipe connecting said boiler and said chimney, and (5) a combinedair heater and economizer of the heat of the gases passing through saidsmoke pipe and said boiler to said chimney, said economizer beinglocated between said boiler and said chimney, said economizer being constructed to pass the gases therethrough from a high level to a lowlevel, and for passing therethrough the air to be heated from a lowlevel to a high .level in counter-current to the travel of the gasespassing through said economizer.

o. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a boiler, (2) a heatradiating system for radiating the heat transmitted by said boiler, (3)an economizer of the heat in the heating gases that have passed throughsaid boiler to a chimney, (4) s'aidchimney, said economizer comprising achambered cast iron hcad-piece having on one side a smoke inlet and onthe other side a smoke outlet for the dircct'passage of smoke and gasesthrough said headpiece, and outlets for the downward exit of smoke andgases, from said head piece, (5) means for cemtrolling at will thedirect nassagefof smoke and gases horizoi'itally tlnough said head pieceat a high level or douxward through said outlets,.said econ'omiz'er havingai chan aaaeaa v cast-iron foot-piece at the bottom of said economizerhaving-on the upper surface of said foot-piece smoke and gas inlets, and

havin "a smoke and gas outlet, a c0n duitor conveying smoke and gasesfrom said foot-piece to said chimney, said economizer having movabletubing for forming means of communication between said footpiece andsaid head-piece, said economizer having acasementfor confinin airclosely to the heating surfaces of sai economizer and means for theintroduction of fresh cool air at the bottom of said economizer and forthe exit of heated air at the top of said economizer, and (7) means forconveying the air heated in said economize]: to habit able spaces forpurposes of respiration and v heating. 7. In a heating apparatus, thecombination of (1) a furnace'for the combustion of fuel, said furnacecomprising means for the introduction of air-for combustion inproperquantities above and below the fuel mass in said furnace, (2) 'a boilercomprising a water'containing section, and gaspassa es through saidboiler and a high levelexit tor gases, all the heating surfaces of saidboiler being arranged and located at a higher level than the highestlevel of the fuel-mass in said furnace, (3) an air heating economizerfor heating air with the heat of the gases that pass through saidboiler, (4:) a chimney, (5) a smoke conduit for connecting said boilerand said chimney, said economizer ((3) means for diverting the gasespassing through said smoke conduit through said economizer for heatingthe air passing through said economizer or .for conveying said gasesdirectly to said chimney, said furnace, boiler andeconomizer.beingconstructed and arranged at such levels that heated airor gases under the influence of the" draft of said chimney will passfirst, upwardly through said} furnace, then over the heating surfacesofsaid boiler, then horizontally or in a substantially horizontal travelthrough said smoke conduit and through said economixer to said chimneywithout the escape of gases from said apparatus.

Signed .at New York, N. Y., this 15th day of April, 1907. r i

. .lllSlll'H MOSES WARD KITCHEN. lVill-icsscsz v I (iEO. ll. \VnnnLooK()mvn 13., KING.

